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Delhi Gk Quiz 32 (20 MCQs)

This quiz evaluates knowledge of Delhi's historical landmarks, cultural evolution, and geographical features. It covers topics such as the Delhi Sultanate, Mughal architecture, religious sites like the Bahá'í House of Worship and Qutub Minar, and demographic data from the 1951 census. The questions assess understanding of historical rulers, Islamic governance, and cultural landmarks.

Quiz Instructions

Select an option to see the correct answer instantly.

1. Where is Jantar Mantar situated?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Delhi.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services Exam, Delhi GK Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments located in Delhi, India.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing Jantar Mantar with other historical sites or locations in India.

Explanations: Jantar Mantar is a well-known historical and astronomical site located in Delhi. It was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in the early 18th century to observe and predict celestial events. The site is a significant landmark in Delhi and is often visited by tourists and locals alike.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Ranchi is not the correct location for Jantar Mantar. Ranchi is a city in the state of Jharkhand, not in Delhi.
Option B: Delhi is the correct location for Jantar Mantar. It is a prominent historical site in the city.

2. In the year 1951 Delhi population

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) 20 lakhs.

Exam Relevance: Delhi GK, UPSC, State PSC

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The population of Delhi in 1951 was approximately 20 lakhs.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake could be confusing the population figures with other years or cities.

Explanations: The population of Delhi in 1951 was recorded to be around 20 lakhs. This figure is a well-documented historical data point in the context of Delhi's demographic history.

Option Analysis:

Option A: 1.6 crores is incorrect as it is significantly higher than the actual population in 1951.
Option B: 20 lakhs is the correct population figure for Delhi in 1951.
Option C: 121 crores is incorrect as it is much higher than the actual population in 1951.
Option D: 102 crores is incorrect as it is much higher than the actual population in 1951.

3. Which dance form developed during Delhi Sultanate period?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Kathak.

Exam Relevance: Delhi Public Service Commission (DPSC), UPSC, Civil Services Exam

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Kathak is a classical dance form that developed during the Delhi Sultanate period.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is to confuse Kathak with other classical dance forms like Odissi, which developed in a different region and period.

Explanations: Kathak originated in the temples of North India and later evolved under the patronage of the Mughal courts during the Delhi Sultanate period. It is characterized by intricate footwork, spins, and storytelling through dance. The dance form was influenced by both Hindu and Muslim cultures, making it unique among Indian classical dances.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Odissi is a classical dance form that originated in the eastern state of Odisha and is not associated with the Delhi Sultanate period.
Option B: Bhangra is a folk dance form that originated in the Punjab region and is not associated with the Delhi Sultanate period.
Option C: Kathak is the correct answer as it developed during the Delhi Sultanate period and was influenced by the cultural interactions of that era.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Kathak is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Kathak: "K" for "Kingdoms" (Mughal influence), "A" for "Art," "T" for "Temple," "H" for "History," "A" for "Artistry," "K" for "Kings."

4. The Samadhi of pt. Jawaharlal Nehru is at .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Shantivan.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, Delhi GK Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Samadhi of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru is located in Shantivan, a memorial garden in Delhi.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing the location with other memorials in Delhi, such as Rajghat or Vijayghat.

Explanations: Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, was cremated at Shantivan, a memorial garden in Delhi. This location is specifically designated for his Samadhi, making it the correct answer.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Vijayghat is incorrect as it is not the location of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru's Samadhi.
Option B: Rajghat is incorrect as it is the location of Mahatma Gandhi's Samadhi, not Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru's.
Option C: Shantivan is the correct location for Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru's Samadhi.
Option D: Redfort is incorrect as it is a historical fort and not related to Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru's Samadhi.

5. Who was the first lady to sit on the throne of Delhi in 1236 A.D

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) RAZIA BEGUM.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Razia Begum was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, reigning from 1236 to 1240 AD.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing Razia Begum with other notable women in Indian history, such as Mehr-un-Nisa (also known as Nur Jahan), who was a powerful empress but not the first female ruler of Delhi.

Explanations: Razia Begum ascended the throne of Delhi in 1236 AD, becoming the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. She was the daughter of Iltutmish and was known for her administrative skills and efforts to reform the Sultanate. Her reign was marked by significant challenges, including opposition from conservative nobles and military leaders.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Akbar was a Mughal emperor, not a female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
Option B: Razia Begum was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, reigning from 1236 to 1240 AD.
Option C: Sher Shah Suri was a powerful Afghan ruler who overthrew the Mughals for a brief period, but he was not a female ruler.
Option D: Mehr-un-Nisa, also known as Nur Jahan, was a powerful empress during the Mughal era but not the first female ruler of Delhi.

Mnemonic: Razia Begum, Ruler of Delhi, 1236

6. Complete the name of this Delhi SultanGhiyasuddin .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Balban.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, SSC, History Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Ghiyasuddin Balban was a prominent ruler of the Delhi Sultanate during the 13th century.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake could be confusing Ghiyasuddin Balban with other rulers of the Delhi Sultanate.

Explanations: Ghiyasuddin Balban was a significant ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, known for his strong administrative reforms and military campaigns. He ruled from 1266 to 1287 and was a key figure in the Mamluk dynasty.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Ghiyasuddin Balban was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
Option B: Incorrect. Mukherjee is not associated with the Delhi Sultanate.
Option C: Incorrect. Singh is not associated with the Delhi Sultanate.
Option D: Incorrect. The correct answer is provided in the options.

7. Which state/UT government will start its own 'Plasma Bank' for treatment of Coronavirus positive patients?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Delhi.

Exam Relevance: Delhi Civil Services, UPSC, State PSC

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Delhi government has announced the establishment of a 'Plasma Bank' to treat patients with Coronavirus.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake could be assuming that other states like Kerala, Punjab, or Uttarakhand have also established plasma banks, leading to confusion.

Explanations: The Delhi government has taken the initiative to start its own 'Plasma Bank' to treat patients with Coronavirus. This decision aims to provide a reliable source of convalescent plasma for patients in need, thereby improving the treatment outcomes for those affected by the virus.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Kerala has not been reported to start its own 'Plasma Bank' for Coronavirus treatment.
Option B: Punjab has not been reported to start its own 'Plasma Bank' for Coronavirus treatment.
Option C: Uttarakhand has not been reported to start its own 'Plasma Bank' for Coronavirus treatment.
Option D: Delhi government has announced the establishment of a 'Plasma Bank' to treat patients with Coronavirus.

8. Due to the Delhi Sultanate, which two religions intermingled, creating tensions (due to vastly different beliefs) that will last until the present day?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Hindus & Muslims.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Delhi Sultanate was a period of Muslim rule in India, which led to significant interactions and tensions between the Hindu and Muslim communities.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is to assume that the Delhi Sultanate only affected the Muslim community, ignoring the significant impact on Hindu-Muslim relations.

Explanations: The Delhi Sultanate, which lasted from the early 13th to the mid-16th century, was a period of Muslim rule in India. During this time, the Muslim rulers and the Hindu population had complex interactions, leading to both cultural exchanges and conflicts. The intermingling of these two religious communities created tensions that have persisted into the present day due to their vastly different beliefs and practices.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Muslims & Christians. This option is incorrect because the Delhi Sultanate primarily involved interactions between Muslims and Hindus, not Christians.
Option B: Hindus & Buddhists. This option is incorrect because the Delhi Sultanate did not significantly impact the relationship between Hindus and Buddhists.
Option C: Hindus & Muslims. This option is correct because the Delhi Sultanate was a period of Muslim rule in India, leading to significant interactions and tensions between the Hindu and Muslim communities.
Option D: Christians & Hindus. This option is incorrect because the Delhi Sultanate did not significantly involve Christians.

9. The other name of this temple is Bahai Temple

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Lotus Temple.

Exam Relevance: Delhi GK, UPSC, Civil Services Exam

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The Bahá'í House of Worship, also known as the Lotus Temple, is a prominent landmark in Delhi, India.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing the Lotus Temple with other famous temples in Delhi, such as the Konark Sun Temple, which is located in Odisha, not Delhi.

Explanations: The Lotus Temple is the other name for the Bahá'í House of Worship, which is located in Delhi. It is known for its unique lotus-shaped structure and is a significant architectural and spiritual landmark in the city.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Konark Sun Temple is located in Odisha, not Delhi, and is not related to the Bahá'í faith.
Option B: The Lotus Temple is the correct name for the Bahá'í House of Worship in Delhi.

10. Which of the following hydraulic structures was constructed by Iltutmish in the 14th century for supplying water to Siri Fort area?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi.

Exam Relevance: Delhi Civil Services, UPSC, History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Iltutmish, a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, constructed the Hauz Khas tank in the 14th century to supply water to the Siri Fort area.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake could be confusing the historical context or the specific structure built by Iltutmish.

Explanations: Iltutmish, the second ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, constructed the Hauz Khas tank in the 14th century. This tank was specifically built to supply water to the Siri Fort area, which was an important part of the city's infrastructure. The tank is a significant hydraulic structure that reflects the engineering and administrative capabilities of the Delhi Sultanate during that period.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Water harvesting at Sringaverapura near Allahabad is not related to Iltutmish or the Siri Fort area.
Option B: Bhopal Lake is not associated with Iltutmish or the construction in the 14th century for the Siri Fort area.
Option C: The Tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi, was constructed by Iltutmish in the 14th century to supply water to the Siri Fort area.
Option D: Irrigation work at Nagarjunakonda is not related to Iltutmish or the construction in the 14th century for the Siri Fort area.

Mnemonic: Hauz Khas, Iltutmish, Water Supply

11. Who invaded India during the rule of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Timur.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Timur, also known as Tamerlane, invaded India during the rule of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's successor, Firuz Shah Tughlaq. However, the question specifically asks about the invasion during Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's rule, which is incorrect. The invasion by Timur occurred after Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's reign.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is to confuse the timeline of invasions and rulers, leading to the incorrect assumption that Timur invaded during Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's rule.

Explanations: Timur invaded India in 1398, which was after the reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1325-1351). The invasion took place during the rule of Firuz Shah Tughlaq's successor, which is why the correct answer is Timur, even though the invasion did not occur during Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's rule.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Balban was a ruler of the earlier Slave Dynasty, not an invader during Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's rule.
Option B: Timur invaded India in 1398, after Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's reign, but is the correct answer as he is the only invader listed.
Option C: Malik Kafur was a general under Alauddin Khilji, not an invader during Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's rule.
Option D: This option is incorrect as Timur is the correct invader, even though the invasion occurred after Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's rule.

12. The ..... is the tallest minaret in India

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Qutub Minar.

Exam Relevance: Delhi GK, UPSC, Civil Services Exam, State PSC

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Qutub Minar is the tallest minaret in India, standing at approximately 73 meters tall.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is to confuse the Qutub Minar with other iconic structures in Delhi, such as the Taj Mahal or Ashoka's Pillar.

Explanations: The Qutub Minar is located in Delhi and is known for its height and historical significance. It was built in the early 13th century and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Taj Mahal, while a famous monument, is not a minaret and is located in Agra. Ashoka's Pillar is a historical pillar but not a minaret.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum and not a minaret.
Option B: Ashoka's Pillar is a historical pillar and not a minaret.
Option C: The Qutub Minar is the tallest minaret in India.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the Qutub Minar is the correct answer.

Mnemonic: Qutub Minar, Tallest Minaret, Delhi

13. Quwwat-ul-islam was constructed by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Qutabuddin Aibak.

Exam Relevance: Delhi Public Service Commission, UPSC Civil Services, History Olympiads

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque is one of the earliest extant mosques built by the Delhi Sultanate in India. It was initially constructed by Qutabuddin Aibak, the founder of the Mamluk dynasty and the first Sultan of Delhi.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is to attribute the construction to later rulers like Alauddin Khilji or Illtutmish, who also made significant contributions to the complex.

Explanations: Qutabuddin Aibak initiated the construction of Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in 1192, shortly after the defeat of the last Hindu king of Delhi. The mosque was built using materials from 27 demolished Hindu and Jain temples, symbolizing the transition of power from Hindu rulers to Muslim rulers. Although subsequent rulers like Illtutmish and Alauddin Khilji added to the complex, the original mosque was the work of Qutabuddin Aibak.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Alauddin Khilji added to the complex but did not initiate the construction.
Option B: Firuzshah Tughlaq was a later ruler and did not construct the mosque.
Option C: Qutabuddin Aibak initiated the construction of the mosque.
Option D: Illtutmish made additions to the complex but did not initiate the construction.

Mnemonic: QAI for Qutabuddin Aibak Initiated

14. The famous ' Jama-Masjid, of Delhi was built by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) SHAHJAHAN.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services, History Exams, Delhi GK Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Jama Masjid in Delhi is a significant historical and architectural landmark. It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan, who was a prominent ruler of the Mughal Empire.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing the builders of different Mughal-era structures. For example, some might incorrectly attribute the construction of the Jama Masjid to Akbar or Humayun.

Explanations: Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, commissioned the construction of the Jama Masjid in 1656. The mosque is one of the largest in India and is known for its grand architecture and historical significance. It took about six years to complete and was built with the help of thousands of workers.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Humayun was the second Mughal emperor and is known for the construction of the Humayun's Tomb, not the Jama Masjid.
Option B: Akbar was the third Mughal emperor and is known for the construction of Fatehpur Sikri, not the Jama Masjid.
Option C: Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, is the correct builder of the Jama Masjid.
Option D: Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal emperor and did not build the Jama Masjid.

15. The Chief Minister of 'x' will represent 'x' and India at the World Cities Culture Forum (WCCF). What is 'x'?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Delhi.

Exam Relevance: Delhi GK, UPSC, State PSC

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The Chief Minister of Delhi represents Delhi and India at the World Cities Culture Forum (WCCF).

Common Mistakes: A common mistake could be confusing the role of the Chief Minister with other political positions or assuming that another state's Chief Minister might represent Delhi.

Explanations: Delhi is a union territory and the capital of India. The Chief Minister of Delhi is responsible for representing the city at international forums such as the World Cities Culture Forum. This role is specific to the Chief Minister of Delhi, as Delhi is a significant cultural and political center in India.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. The Chief Minister of Delhi represents Delhi and India at the WCCF.
Option B: Incorrect. Haryana is a state, and its Chief Minister does not represent Delhi.
Option C: Incorrect. Uttar Pradesh is a state, and its Chief Minister does not represent Delhi.
Option D: Incorrect. Madhya Pradesh is a state, and its Chief Minister does not represent Delhi.

16. Which tributary of river Ganga drains in delhi?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Yamuna.

Exam Relevance: Delhi GK, UPSC, Civil Services Exam, Geography Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The Yamuna is a major tributary of the Ganga river and it flows through Delhi.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake could be confusing the Yamuna with other tributaries of the Ganga, such as the Chambal, Betwa, or Ghaghara, which do not flow through Delhi.

Explanations: The Yamuna is the primary tributary of the Ganga that flows through Delhi. It is a significant river in the region and plays a crucial role in the geography and water supply of the city.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Chambal is a tributary of the Yamuna but does not flow through Delhi.
Option B: The Betwa is a tributary of the Yamuna but does not flow through Delhi.
Option C: The Ghaghara is a tributary of the Ganga but does not flow through Delhi.
Option D: The Yamuna is the correct answer as it is the tributary of the Ganga that flows through Delhi.

Mnemonic: Yamuna = Y for "Yamuna" and "Y" for "Yielding water to Delhi"

17. Red Fort was built by

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Shah Jahan.

Exam Relevance: UPSC Civil Services, Delhi State Level Exams, History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Red Fort, also known as Lal Qila, is a historical fort in the city of Delhi, India. It was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is to confuse the Red Fort with other Mughal structures, such as the Taj Mahal, which was also built by Shah Jahan but for a different purpose.

Explanations: Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, commissioned the construction of the Red Fort in 1638 as the palace for his new capital, Shahjahanabad, which is present-day Old Delhi. The fort was completed in 1648 and served as the residence of the Mughal emperors until the mid-19th century.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Humayun was the second Mughal emperor and built the Humayun's Tomb, not the Red Fort.
Option B: Akbar, the third Mughal emperor, built the Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri, not the Red Fort.
Option C: Babar, the founder of the Mughal Empire, did not build the Red Fort.
Option D: Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, built the Red Fort.

18. The shrine of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya is situated at .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Delhi.

Exam Relevance: Delhi GK, UPSC, Civil Services Exam, State PSC

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: The shrine of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya is a significant Sufi shrine located in Delhi, India.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake could be confusing the location with other important shrines in India, such as those in Ajmer or Aligarh.

Explanations: Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya was a prominent Sufi saint who lived in Delhi during the 13th and 14th centuries. His shrine is a major pilgrimage site and is located in the Nizamuddin East area of Delhi.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Aligarh is incorrect as it is not the location of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya's shrine.
Option B: Delhi is the correct location of the shrine.
Option C: Roorkee is incorrect as it is not associated with Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya.
Option D: Ajmer is incorrect as it is the location of the shrine of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, not Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya.

Mnemonic: Nizamuddin, Delhi, Sufi

19. Rashtrapati Bhavan

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Delhi.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, Civil Services Exam, Delhi GK

Difficulty: Very Easy

Concept notes: Rashtrapati Bhavan is the official residence of the President of India and is located in Delhi.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake could be choosing Mumbai, as it is a major city in India and might be confused with the capital.

Explanations: Rashtrapati Bhavan is located in Delhi, which is the capital city of India. It serves as the official residence of the President of India.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Rashtrapati Bhavan is located in Delhi.
Option B: Incorrect. Mumbai is not the location of Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Option C: Incorrect. While Rashtrapati Bhavan is in India, the question asks for a more specific location.
Option D: Incorrect. UAE is not related to the location of Rashtrapati Bhavan.

20. The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. The minority of Muslims ruled over a majority of Hindus, violent takeover led to religious tension

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Delhi Sultanate.

Exam Relevance: UPSC, IAS, Civil Services, History Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: The Delhi Sultanate was the first Islamic government established in India, ruling from 1206 to 1526. It was characterized by a minority Muslim ruling class over a majority Hindu population, leading to significant religious tensions.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing the Delhi Sultanate with other Islamic empires or dynasties, such as the Seljuk Turks or the Ottomans, which were not directly involved in the governance of India.

Explanations: The Delhi Sultanate was the first Islamic government to rule over a significant portion of India. It was established in 1206 and lasted until 1526. The rulers were predominantly Muslim, while the majority of the population was Hindu. This led to religious tensions and conflicts, as the takeover was often violent and the ruling class imposed Islamic laws and practices.

Option Analysis:

Option A: The Seljuk Turks were a medieval Turko-Persian empire in West Asia, not directly involved in the governance of India.
Option B: The Mamluks were a dynasty of slave soldiers who ruled Egypt and Syria, not India.
Option C: The Ottomans were a powerful empire in the Middle East and parts of Europe, not directly involved in the governance of India.
Option D: The Delhi Sultanate was the first Islamic government to rule over a significant portion of India, fitting the description provided in the question.

Mnemonic: Delhi Sultanate: "D" for Delhi, "S" for Sultanate, "I" for Islamic rule.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the 1951 census in Delhi's historical demographics?

The 1951 census provided a crucial snapshot of Delhi's population, helping to understand the city's growth and demographic changes over time.

What is the purpose of the Astronomical Instruments at Jantar Mantar?

Jantar Mantar houses a collection of large-scale instruments designed for astronomical observations, aiding in the study of celestial bodies and timekeeping.

How does the Bahá'í House of Worship, also known as the Lotus Temple, reflect religious harmony in Delhi?

The Lotus Temple is a symbol of religious unity and peace, welcoming people of all faiths to its premises, promoting interfaith dialogue and understanding.

What role did the Delhi Plasma Bank play during the coronavirus pandemic?

The Delhi Plasma Bank collected and distributed convalescent plasma to treat patients suffering from severe cases of coronavirus, providing a vital resource for medical treatment.

Who was Razia Begum and what was her significance in the Delhi Sultanate?

Razia Begum was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, known for her administrative reforms and efforts to improve governance during the Mamluk dynasty.

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